磷酸苯二钠的合成

以苯酚、三氯氧磷和氢氧化钠为原料合成了磷酸苯二钠。研究了影响磷酰化、水解及中和反应的因素,优化了反应条件,总收率可达69.2%。磷酰化反应的优化条件为:物料配比n(苯酚)∶n(三氯氧磷)=1.0∶1.1,反应温度130~140℃,反应时间10 h。经减压蒸馏、水解、中和得目标产品,收率90%。目标产品经熔点测定、元素分析和红外光谱表征。该方法已扩大实验,适于工业化。     

油田酸化废水COD去除方法的研究

油田酸化废水由于所含添加剂种类繁多,且有机成分复杂,使COD值的降解难度增大.本实验以磨140井为研究对象,通过大量室内实验,提出了"中和-Fe/C微电解-催化氧化-活性炭吸附"四步法处理工艺.实践证明,该处理工艺流程简单、处理效果较好.     

酸碱中和反应中pH值的单神经元自适应控制研究

基于酸碱中和反应过程中pH值变化的动态模型,设计单神经元自适应控制器,解决化工生产过程中pH值的PID控制所存在的调节时间长、超调量大和系统抗干扰性差的问题。在相同条件下与PID控制器进行对比实验,实验结果表明单神经元自适应控制器明显改善pH值过程控制系统的动态性能,该控制系统具有较强的自适应性与鲁棒性。     

Effect of CaO on the optical quality and microstructure of transparent MgO·1.5Al2O3 spinel ceramics prepared by reactive sintering

Transparent MgO·1.5Al₂O₃ spinel ceramics were successfully prepared via reactive sintering of Al₂O₃ and MgO raw powders followed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) using CaO as the sintering additive. The effects of CaO on the densification process, microstructure and optical quality of samples were investigated. It was found that the amount of CaO played an important role in the sintering process. By adding 0.05?wt% CaO, the sample with high transmittance (82.3% at 400?nm), small grain size (<5?μm) and high strength (228?±?15?MPa) was obtained after HIPing at 1550?°C. However, when the amount of CaO increased to 0.1?wt%, non-cubic and columnar-shaped grains generated at low HIP temperatures (1550–1650?°C), which severely reduced the optical quality of resulting samples. The grains were calcium aluminates, whose formation was closely related to the molar ratio of Al₂O₃/MgO, CaO amount and sintereing temperature.     

2-羟基-3-萘甲酸生产工艺条件的优化研究

通过对中和及酸析过程的分析,采用改进后的参数指标进行中和及酸析得到的2-羟基-3-萘甲酸,产品为大颗粒、亮黄色,含量98.78%,收率80.13%(以消耗的2-萘酚计),并实现了在大生产中的应用。     

壳聚糖-羟基磷灰石/Fe3O4磁性纳米载体的制备及性能?

采用酸碱共滴定法,以超顺磁性的纳米Fe3 O4为形核剂,成功制备 HAP/Fe3 O4、CS-HAP/Fe3 O4磁性纳米载体。利用透射电镜(TEM)、X 射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱分析仪(FT-IR)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和 MTT 法对样品的显微结构、物相、磁性能和生物学性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明,所制备载体表现为超顺磁性,尺寸约为100 nm,均为20 nm左右的羟基磷灰石颗粒包裹20 nm 左右的Fe3 O4颗粒而成。其中双相载体中的 HAP 颗粒呈球形,三相载体中的 H AP颗粒呈短棒状。双相载体为1级细胞毒性反应,三相载体为0级毒性反应,具有促细胞增殖作用。     

Effects of neutralization on the structure and properties of an ionomer

The structure, morphology, and properties of an ionomer, poly(ethylene‐acrylic‐acid) neutralized by zinc salts (PI) depend on the free carboxylic acid content. In this work, metal acetates (Na, Zn, and Al acetates) were used to control the neutralization levels. A wide range of techniques were used, such as spectroscopic Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal [thermogravimetric analysis, modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)], mechanical (tensile measurement), and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The melt rheological properties of the samples were also examined. The results show that metal acetate neutralizes free acrylic acid in the ionomer, which has the primary role in controlling ionic association. The number of ionic groups in ionic domains and multiplets in the matrix is dependent on the neutralization level. Metal valence determines the ionic domain or multiplet structure (FTIR), further properties of PI. Dynamic mechanical properties, the ionic transition behaviour, and the mechanical properties are improved compared with PI using monovalent cation (Na⁺), but decreased using trivalent cation (Al³⁺) or shows less significant changes due to steric effects. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Ni基高温合金的真空冶炼脱硫

研究了Ni基高温合金用CaO坩埚真空感应精炼过程中含S量的变化；发现只用CaO坩埚并不进行脱S．通过熔体化学成分变化研究了加Al的脱S作用；结合坩埚壁的XRD分析和成分分析数据讨论了CaO坩埚脱S机理；对CaO坩埚内壁表面发生的化学反应进行了热力学计算和讨论．     

赤泥的特殊工程性能及其利用之研究

原赤泥强度低，工程上已很少应用。现研究表明，它含有１８种胶结力极强的化合物，针对该特点，提出用析水、脱水和加ＣａＯ的改造对策，增强了赤泥的强度，工程性能得到显著的改善。用赤泥筑坝，坝高可增加２～３倍，还可用于地基补强、做强防渗层以及铺筑路面等。     

从"需要层次论"分析历史上服装的个性化与中性化现象

从“需要层次论”的观点来分析人类服装所表现出的个性与中性化现象，并阐述了随着社会文明的进步，服装的个性化与中性化已发生了质的变化。